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BELLE GUNNESSBelle Sorenson Gunness (born Brynhild Paulsdatter Størseth, November 22, 1859 in Selbu, Norway- probably died 1931 Los Angeles), was one of America's most profligate known female serial killers. At 6 ft (1.8 m) tall and over 200 lb (90 kg), she was a powerful Norwegian-American woman. She may have killed both of her husbands and all of her children (on different occasions), but she is known to have killed most of her suitors, boyfriends, and her two daughters Myrtle and Lucy. Her apparent motives involved collecting life insurance benefits. Reports estimate that she killed more than twenty people over several decades, some claim over one hundred, and possibly got away with it. Early yearsBelle Gunness’ origins, like much of her life story, are shrouded in a web of differing accounts and deliberate inventions. Most of her biographers state that she was born on 22nd November, 1859 near the lake of Selbu, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway and christened Brynhild Paulsdatter Storset; her parents being Paul Pedersen Storset (a stonemason) and Berit Olsdatter. Others offer a more colourful version of the facts - attesting that Belle was born ‘Belle Paulson’ (obviously an Americanised misinterpretation of the Scandinavian custom of deriving a child’s ‘surname’ from the christian name of the father) in Christiana, Norway, the daughter of a travelling magician who taught her conjuring tricks. According to these writers, the child Brynhild walked a tightrope outside her father’s tent to lure customers into his magic show. The latter years of her life were to be subjected to the same kind of myth-making process - as she took her place as a bogeywoman in the public imagination, blanks and uncertainties in her biography were filled with fictions and fabrications. Even today, many accounts of her life and crimes are closer to urban legends than factual narratives. A Norwegian TV documentary by Anne Berit Vestby aired on September 4, 2006 reveals that in 1877, Belle (or Brynhild) attended a country dance in a pregnant condition. It is not said by whom. There she was attacked by a man, and a kick to the stomach resulted in the loss of her child. According to people who knew her, her personality now changed markedly. The man who attacked her died only shortly after. The cause of death was said to be stomach cancer. Having grown up in poverty, she took service the next year on a big, wealthy farm and served there for 3 years in order to pay for the trip across the Atlantic. Following the example of a sister (“Nellie Larson") who’d gone to the New World some time earlier, she emigrated to the US in 1881 and assumed a more American-style name. Initially, she worked as a servant (or even as a farmgirl); but the newly re-labelled ‘Belle’ was both ambitious and avaricious. Her sister allegedly stated (years later): "Belle was crazy for money. It was her great weakness." First Victim?In 1884, Belle married Mads (“Max”) Albert Sorenson in Chicago, Illinois where, a couple of years later, they opened a confectionary store. The business was not successful; within a year the shop burned down in mysterious circumstances. According to Belle’s story, a kerosene lamp exploded and started the fire. No lamp was ever found in the ruins, but the insurance money was paid. It’s likely that this money bankrolled the purchase of the Sorensons’ home in the suburb of Austin...a house that was also destroyed by fire in 1898. Insurance was collected once again and it funded the acquisition of another dwelling. Mads died on July 30, 1900 - the only day that two life insurance policies on him overlapped. The first doctor to see Mads' thought he was suffering from strychnine poisoning. However, the Sorenson's family doctor had been treating him for an enlarged heart; he decided that death had been caused by heart failure. An autopsy was not considered necessary in the event of an unsuspicious death. Belle was confident enough to tell the doctor that she had given her late husband medicinal "powders" to help him feel better. She applied for the insurance money ($8,500), the day after her husband's funeral. The swiftness of this act fuelled the suspicions of her in-laws. Sorenson's relatives claimed that Belle had poisoned her husband to collect on the insurance. Surviving records suggest that an inquest was ordered. It is unclear, however, if that investigation actually took place or whether Sorenson's body was ever exhumed to check for arsenic as his relatives demanded. The insurance companies awarded her $8,500, a large sum of money in those days. It was with this money that she bought a farm on the outskirts of La Porte, Indiana. She moved in with her three daughters. Though some researchers assert that their union produced no offspring, the records of more consistent investigators show that Bell and Mads had four children - Caroline, Axel, Myrtle and Lucy. Caroline and Axel died in infancy - allegedly of acute colitis. The symptoms of acute colitis - nausea, fever, diarrhea, lower abdominal pain and cramping - are also symptoms of many forms of poisoning. Both children were insured and the insurance company paid off. Suspicion of murderThe house on McClung Rd was built in 1846 by a man called John Walker (one of the original settlers in the area of La Porte) for his daughter Harriet Holcomb. The Holcombs supported the Southern (Confederate) States during the Civil War. The other citizens of La Porte were strongly on the Northern (Union) side; in 1864, the distinctly unpopular Holcombs moved to New York. Over the next twenty-eight years, the farm and house changed hands half a dozen times. In 1892 Mattie Altic, a brothel-keeper from Chicago, bought the property and transformed it into a well-appointed rural whorehouse. Most of her regular clients from Chicago visited the roomy building at La Porte; a jetty, boathouse and expansive carriage house were added to accommodate their needs. After Altic’s death the house was put on the market again; another four owners lived there and left in quick succession until, in 1901, Belle purchased it. True to form, both the boat and carriage houses burned to the ground shortly after she acquired the property. Perhaps Belle defrauded another insurance company to cover her moving expenses. Belle met a local man - a fellow Norwegian called Peter Gunness. They were married on 1st April, 1902; just one week after the ceremony, Peter's infant daughter died (of uncertain causes) while alone in the house with Belle. In December 1902, Peter Gunness met with a "tragic accident". According to Belle, Peter was working in a shed when part of a sausage grinding machine fell from a high shelf, split his skull open and killed him instantly. Unsurprisingly, Belle still strongly believed in insurance; her husband’s untimely demise racked up another $3,000 (some sources say $4,000). Local people refused to believe that Gunness could be so clumsy. He’d run a hog farm on the property and was known to be an experienced butcher; the district coroner reviewed the case and unequivocally announced: "This was murder!" He convened a coroner's jury to look into the matter. Meanwhile, Jennie Olson, then aged fourteen, was overheard confessing to a classmate: "My momma killed my poppa. She hit him with a cleaver." Jennie was brought before the coroner's jury but denied having made the remark. While she testified, Belle sat nearby at a witness table - silently glowering at her. Then Belle took the stand and tearfully told her tale. She managed to convince the coroner's jury that she was innocent of any wrongdoing; she cast herself in the role of disadvantaged single parent - a woman left alone with the responsibility of raising children without the help of a strong man. Belle was pregnant (in the Spring of 1903, a son - named Philip - was born) and the jurors must have been swayed by her apparent hardships. She was released and the matter was dropped After the hearing, Belle generally employed a single hand to help run the farm; in 1906 she engaged Ray Lamphere, a sombre little man with a drooping moustache, to perform the chores. Later in the same year, Jennie dropped out of sight. When neighbours inquired about her, Belle told them that she had sent to a Lutheran College in Los Angeles (some neighbours were informed that it was a finishing school for young ladies). In fact, Jennie had been killed and her body would later be found buried on her adoptive mother's property. Around the same time, Belle inserted the following advertisement in the matrimonial columns of all the Chicago daily newspapers and those of other large midwestern cities: “Personal - comely widow who owns a large farm in one of the finest districts in La Porte County, Indiana, desires to make the acquaintance of a gentleman equally well provided, with view of joining fortunes. No replies by letter considered unless sender is willing to follow answer with personal visit. Triflers need not apply” The SuitorsSeveral middle-aged men with comfortable bank accounts and property responded to Belle's lovelorn column ads. They travelled to her farm armed with fat wallets and the deeds to their farms - all motivated to prove that they were men of substance and worthy of Belle's attentions. One of these was John Moo, who arrived from Elbow Lake, Wisconsin. He was a husky man of fifty and had brought more than $1,000 with him to pay off Belle's mortgage... or so he told neighbours who were introduced to him by Belle as her cousin. He disappeared from Belle's farm within a week of his arrival. Next came George Anderson who, like Peter Gunness and John Moo, was a migrant from Norway. Anderson, from Tarkio, Missouri, was also a farmer with ready cash and a lovesick heart. Anderson, however,did not bring all his money with him. He was persuaded to make the long trip to see Belle in La Porte because her eloquent letters intrigued him. Once there, he found that Belle (now in her mid-forties, portly and coarse-featured) was not the beauty he expected. He also realised that she had a severe manner - but she made him feel at home and provided good dinners while he occupied a guest room in the large farmhouse. One night at dinner Belle raised the issue of her mortgage. Anderson agreed that he would pay this off if they decided to wed. He was almost convinced to return to Tarkio, retrieve his money, then go back to Belle and eternal bliss. But late that night, Anderson awoke "all in a cold sweat" - he looked up to see Belle standing over him, peering down with a strange look in her eyes. She held a guttering candle in her hand and the expression on her face was so foreboding and sinister that he let out a loud yell. Without uttering a word, Belle ran from the room. Anderson jumped out of bed, struggled into his clothes and fled. Leaving the dark farmhouse, he ran down the moonlit country road. He didn’t stop until he reached La Porte. As he ran, he kept peering over his shoulder - expecting Belle to come chasing after him at any moment, wildly driving her carriage. Anderson went straight to the train station and waited for the next train to Missouri. The suitors kept coming - but none, except for Anderson, ever left the Gunness farm. At this time, Belle began ordering huge trunks to be delivered to her home. Hack driver Clyde Sturgis delivered many such trunks to Belle from La Porte and later remarked how the heavyset woman would lift these enormous trunks "like boxes of marshmallows" - tossing them onto her wide shoulders and carrying them into the house. She kept the shutters of her house closed day and night; farmers travelling past the dwelling at night saw Belle digging in the hog pen. Her handyman Lamphere also spent a good deal of time digging there and all about the house and barn. Meanwhile, the suitors kept coming; all responding to Belle's enticing advertisements. Ole B. Budsburg, an elderly widower from Iolo, Wisconsin, next appeared. He was last seen alive at the La Porte Savings Bank on April 6th, 1907 - when he mortgaged his Wisconsin land there, signing over a deed and obtaining several thousand dollars in cash. His sons, Oscar and Mathew Budsburg, had no idea that their father had gone off to visit the widow Belle. When they finally discovered his destination, they wrote to Mrs.Gunness - she promptly wrote back, saying she had never seen Mr. Budsburg Sr. Several other middle-aged men appeared and disappeared in brief visits to the Gunness farm throughout 1907. Then, in December 1907, Andrew Hegelein, a bachelor farmer from Aberdeen, South Dakota, wrote to Belle and was warmly received. The pair exchanged many letters, until Belle unleashed her most amorous masterpiece yet - a letter that overwhelmed the simple Hegelein, written in Belle's own careful handwriting and dated January 13th,1908. This letter was later found at the Hegelein farm - It read: “To the Dearest Friend in the World: No woman in the world is happier than I am. I know that you are now to come to me and be my own. I can tell from your letters that you are the man I want. It does not take one long to tell when to like a person, and you I like better than anyone in the world, I know. Think how we will enjoy each other's company. You, the sweetest man in the whole world. We will be all alone with each other. Can you conceive of anything nicer? I think of you constantly. When I hear your name mentioned, and this is when one of the dear children speaks of you, or I hear myself humming it with the words of an old love song,it is beautiful music to my ears. My heart beats in wild rapture for you, My Andrew, I love you. Come prepared to stay forever.” That, of course, is exactly what the hapless Hegelein did. In response to her love-gushing letter, the farmer flew to her side in January 1908. He brought with him a check for $2,900, his savings, which he had drawn from his local bank. A few days after Hegelein arrived, he and Belle appeared at the Savings Bank in La Porte and deposited the check for cashing. Hegelein vanished a few days later but Belle appeared at the Savings Bank to make a $500 deposit and another deposit of $700 in the State Bank. At this time, Belle started to have problems with Ray Lamphere. Turning PointThe hired hand Ray Lamphere was deeply in love with Belle - he performed any chore for her, no matter how gruesome. He became jealous of the many men who arrived to court his employer and began making scenes. Belle fired him on February 3rd, 1908. Perhaps she initially dismissed the dangerous possibility that he might inform the authorities about her activities. Many mass killers with lengthy careers in homicide make the mistake of thinking that they are beyond the reach of justice. Her exact attitude can only be a matter of conjecture - but we do know that, shortly after dispensing with Lamphere, Belle presented herself at the La Porte courthouse. She declared that her former employee was not in his right mind and was a menace to the public. She somehow convinced local authorities to hold a sanity hearing and the grim little Lamphere was examined. He was pronounced sane and sent on his way. Belle was back a few days later to complain to the sheriff that Lamphere had visited her farm and argued with her. She contended that he posed a threat to her family and had Lamphere arrested for trespassing. The handyman was not deterred. He returned again and again to see Belle - but she drove him away. Lamphere made thinly disguised threats; on one occasion, he confided to farmer William Slater: "Hegelein won't bother me no more. We fixed him for keeps." Hegelein had long since disappeared from the precincts of La Porte, or so it was believed. However, his brother, Asle Hegelein, was disturbed when Andrew failed to return home and he wrote to Belle in Indiana, asking her about his sibling's whereabouts. Belle boldly wrote back - telling Asle Hegelein that his brother was not at her farm and probably went to Norway to visit relatives. Asle Hegelein wrote back saying that he did not believe his brother would do that, moreover, he believed that his brother was still in the La Porte area - the last place he was seen or heard from. Belle Gunness brazened it out; she told him that if he wanted to come and look for his brother, she would help conduct a search - but she cautioned him that searching for missing persons was an expensive proposition. If she was to be involved in such a manhunt, Belle stated, Asle Hegelein should be prepared to pay her for her efforts. Asle Hegelein did come to La Porte - but not until May. Belle was worried about this turn of events. Lamphere represented an unresolved danger to her; now Asle Hegelein was making enquiries that could very well send her to the gallows. Thinking on her feet, Belle told a lawyer in La Porte, M.E. Leliter, that she feared for her life and that of her children. Ray Lamphere, she said, had threatened to kill her and burn her house down. She wanted to make out a will, in case Lamphere went through with his threats. Leliter complied and drew up Belle's will. She left her entire estate to her children and then departed Leliter's offices. She went to one of the La Porte banks holding the mortgage for her property and paid this off. Belle did not go to the police to tell them about Lamphere's allegedly life-threatening conduct. The reason for this, most later concluded, was that there had been no threats, Belle was merely setting the stage for her own arson. Lamphere as a suspectMaxon, who had been hired to replace Lamphere in February 1908, awoke in the early hours of April 28, 1908, smelling smoke in his room which was on the second floor of the Gunness house. He opened the hall door to a sheet of flames. Maxon screamed Belle's name and those of her children but got no response. He slammed the door and then, in his underwear, leaped from the second-story window of his room, barely surviving the fire that was closing in about him. He raced to town to get help, but by the time the old-fashioned hook and ladder arrived at the farm at early dawn the farmhouse was a gutted heap of smoking ruins. The floors had collapsed and four bodies were found in the cellar. The grand piano, Belle's pride and joy, was on top of the bodies. One of the bodies was that of a woman who could not immediately be identified as Belle since she had no head. The head was never found. The bodies of her children were found next to the corpse. County Sheriff Smutzer had somehow heard about Ray Lamphere’s alleged threats; he took one look at the carnage and quickly sought out the ex-handyman. Lawyer Leliter came forward to recount his tale about Belle's will and how she feared Lamphere would kill her and her family and burn her house down. Lamphere did not help his cause much. At the moment Sheriff Smutzer confronted him and before a word was uttered by the lawman, Lamphere blurted: "Did Widow Gunness and the kids get out all right?" He was then told about the fire, but he denied having anything to do with it, claiming that he was not near the farm when the blaze occurred. A youth, John Solyem, was brought forward. He said that he had been watching the Gunness place (he gave no reasons for this) and that he saw Lamphere running down the road from the Gunness house just before the structure erupted in flames. Lamphere snorted to the boy: "You wouldn't look me in the eye and say that!" "Yes, I will," replied Solyem bravely. "You found me hiding behind the bushes and you told me you'd kill me if I didn't get out of there." Lamphere was arrested and charge | |||||||